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Tokamak: The Magnetic Sun

Explore how a tokamak holds a small sun of plasma inside a donut-shaped magnetic cage.

Prologue · 1/5

Bringing the Sun down to Earth

Fusion is the reaction where light atomic nuclei join and release energy. At the centre of the Sun it happens continuously because the star’s own gravity presses the fuel together. On Earth there is no such gravity. What we built instead is this doughnut-shaped machine. Start from the outside: the thick vacuum vessel, the column running through its centre (the central solenoid), and the large coils wrapped around it. There is no fire here and no chimney. There is only the structure needed to hold a ring of ionised fuel in a magnetic field.

Circle the outer vessel, the central solenoid, and the surrounding coils.

A fusion reactor has no combustion chamber. It has a cage for touching nothing.

First discoveryFirst open the reactor and find where things sit insideIt switches from the exterior to the interior, and you can read where the blanket and divertor are.
Exploration StageReactor exterior
Check the exteriorQuietly check just the outer vessel, the central solenoid, and the surrounding coils.

Quietly check just the outer vessel, the central solenoid, and the surrounding coils.

View LayerStructure

Highlight the vacuum vessel, central solenoid, coils, divertor, and blanket.

Fusion ConditionsBefore start-up
TryRaise the temperatureA faint ring of plasma starts to appear.
HeatingOhmic

The basic heating that warms the plasma with its own current. It makes the start-up stage easy to read.

Live Readout0% output

Check the exterior: Quietly check just the outer vessel, the central solenoid, and the surrounding coils.

Output ±0Stability ±0Shutdown risk ±0
Triple product0%
Stability69%
Output0%
Shutdown risk11%
Before start-upCheck the core structure and get ready to heat the fuel and hold it with the field.This model is a pseudo-simulation for exploration. The changes are compressed to help read the intuition of the reaction.

You can try the first discovery and the 3D controls now. Stella unlocks every stage.

Tokamak: The Magnetic Sun - Luneidea