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Chemistry

Reaction Hill: Climbing the Activation Energy

Send batches of molecules at an energy hill, watch the crossing fraction follow e^(-Ea/kT), and flip on a catalyst to open a lower mountain pass.

Prologue · 1/5

A landscape with a hill

Last chapter we learned that a bond is a valley of energy. So from one bond to another — how does a reaction proceed? The landscape before you is the answer. On the left is the valley of the reactants, on the right the lower valley of the products. But a hill rises between them. To rearrange the bonds, you must once pass through a half-broken state (the summit = the transition state). First, run the molecules and watch what happens.

Press run the reaction and watch the molecules take on the hill.

Run the reaction — 20 molecules take on the hill
Crossing fraction=e^(−Ea/kT)=5.7%

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Crossing CounterEa = 1.00 · ×4.8 faster with catalyst
Theory fraction5.7%
Measured fraction
Reaction Hill: Climbing the Activation Energy - Luneidea